Nama : Adi Liyani Saputra
NIM : 201731235
Kelas : D
Ujian Tengah Semester (UTS)
A. Materi
Daya Pada Rangkaian
RLC
Daya adalah perkalian
antara tegangan yang diberikan dengan hasil arus yang mengalir.
Secara matematis
: P = VI sumber searah atau DC
- Daya
dikatakan positif, ketika arus yang mengalir bernilai positif artinya arus
mengalir dari sumber tegangan menuju rangkaian (transfer energi dari sumber ke
rangkaian )
- Daya
dikatakan negatif, ketika arus yang mengalir bernilai negatif artinya arus
mengalir dari rangkaian menuju sumber tegangan (transfer energi dari rangkaian
ke sumber )
1. Daya
Sesaat
Daya
sesaat adalah daya yang terjadi hanya pada waktu tertentu, yaitu ketika sebuah
komponen mempunyai nilai tegangan dan arus yang mengalir padanya di waktu
tersebut. Daya adalah perkalian antara tegangan yang diberikan dengan hasil
arus yang mengalir.
2. Daya
Rata-Rata
Daya
rata-rata adalah daya yg dihasilkan sebagai integral dari fungsi periodik waktu
terhadap keseluruhan range waktu tertentu dibagi oleh periodenya sendiri. Untuk
melihat hasil daya rata-rata pd setiap komponen pasif yg dilaluinya bisa dengan
menggunakan rumus yang telah kita pelajari pada bab sebelumnya.
3. Daya
Kompleks
Daya Rata – Rata (P)
Daya
ini sebenarnya adalah daya yang dipakai oleh komponen pasif resistor yang
merupakan daya yang terpakai atau terserap. Kalau kita perhatikan supply dari PLN
ke rumah-rumah maka daya yang tercatat pada alat kWH meter adalah daya
rata-rata atau sering disebut juga sebagai daya nyata yang akan dibayarkan oleh
pelanggan.
Simbol : P
Satuan : Watt (W)
Secara
matematis daya rata-rata atau daya nyata merupakan perkalian antara tegangan
efektif, arus efektif, dan koefisien faktor dayanya.
P
= Veff I eff cos 0
Daya Reaktif ( Q )
Daya
ini adalah daya yang muncul diakibatkan oleh komponen pasif diluar resistor
yang merupakan daya rugi-rugi atau daya yang tidak diinginkan. Daya ini
seminimal mungkin dihindari kalaupun bisa diperkecil, walaupun tidak akan
hilang sama sekali dengan cara memperkecil faktor dayanya.
Simbol : Q
Satuan : Volt Ampere Reaktif (VAR)
Secara
matematis daya reaktif merupakan perkalian antara tegangan efektif, arus
efektif, dan nilai sin 0.
Q
= Veff I eff cos 0
Daya Tampak ( S )
Daya
yang sebenarnya disupply oleh PLN, merupakan resultan daya antara daya rata-
rata dan daya reaktif.
Simbol : S
Satuan : Volt Ampere (VA)
Secara
matematis daya tampak merupakan perkalian antara tegangan dan arus efektifnya
S
= Veff I eff
Daya kompleks
Merupakan
gabungan antara daya rata-rata dan daya reaktifnya.
S = P + jQ = Veff I eff
cos 0 + jVeff
I eff sin0 = Veff
I eff
4. Faktor Daya
Faktor daya atau power factor (pf)
merupakan perbandingan daya rata-rata terhadap daya tampak.
5. Segitiga Daya
Hubungan antara daya rata-rata, daya reaktif dan daya
tampak dapat dinyatakan dengan merepresentasikan daya-daya tersebut sebagai
vektor. Daya rata-rata atau daya nyata direpresentasikan sebagai vektor
horisontal. Daya reaktif direpresentasikan sebagai vektor vertikal. Vektor daya
tampak merupakan vektor sisi miring segitiga siku-siku.Representasi ini sering
disebut segitiga daya.
Untuk komponen L :
P = Veff I eff
cos 0
S = Veff I eff
Q = Veff I eff
sin 0
I lagging
terhadap V dimana nilai arus tertinggal sebesar phasa 0 dibandingkan dengan
nilai tegangan.
Untuk komponen C :
P = Veff I eff
cos 0
S = Veff I eff
Q = Veff I eff
cos 0
I leading
terhadap V dimana nilai arus mendahului sebesar phasa 0 dibandingkan dengan nilai tegangan.
B. Contoh
Soal
1. Hukum Ohm
Diketahui nilai tegangan pada suatu
rangkaian sebesar 12 volt dan nilai arus yang terbaca pada amperemeter sebesar
30 mA. Berapakah nilai resistansinya?
Jawab :
Diketahui besar arus :
I = 30 mA = 0.03 A
Dengan menggunakan rumus hukum Ohm,
dapat langsung dicari besar resistansi dengan memakai rumus :
R = V/I
R = 12v / 0.03 A
= 400 ohm
2. Hukum Kirchoff 1
Kuat arus pada R = 1 ohm adalah
Jawab :
I1 + I2 = I3
Persamaan pertama,
-6 + 2I1 + 2I3 = 0
2I1 + 2I3 = 6 …. (I)
Persamaan kedua,
-8 + I2 + 2I3 = 0
I2 + 2I3 = 8 … (II)
Substitusikan persamaan hukum pertama ke persamaan (I) dan (II).
2I1 + 2(I1 + I2) = 6
2I1 + 2I1 + 2I2 = 6
4I1 + 2I2 = 6 …. (I)
I2 + 2(I1 + I2) = 8
2I1 + 3I2 = 8 …. (II)
Eliminasi persamaan (I) dan (II)
4I1 + 2I2 = 6
4I1 + 6I2 = 16
———— (-)
-4I2 = -10
I2 = 2.5 A
Tinggal substitusikan untuk mencari I2.
4I1 + 5 = 6
4I1 = 1
I1 = 0.25 A
3. Hukum Kirchoff 2
Besar kuat arus yang mengalir pada rangkaian tersebut adalah?
Jawab :
20 – 5I -5I – 12 – 10I = 0
-32 – 20I = 0
-32 = 20I
I = -32 / 20
I = -1,6 A
4. Elemen Aktif
Tentukan v1 pada rangkaian tersebut !
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)
Jawaban :
0=Σ v
+v1 - 10 + 2 + 15 = 0
v1 = -7V
5. Elemen Pasif
a) Resistor
Tentukan nilai Rek pada rangkain tersebut!
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Jawaban :
Rs1 = 12 + 4 = 16Ω
Rs1 // 16Ω → Rp1 = 16x16/16+16 = 8Ω
Rs2 = Rp1 + 7Ω =+= 8+7= 15Ω
Rs2 // 30Ω → Rp2 = 15x30/15+30 = 10Ω
Rek = Rp2 + 50Ω + 15Ω
= 10 + 50 + 15
= 75 Ω
b) Kapasitor
Tentukan Cek pada rangkaian tersebut!
![](data:image/png;base64,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)
Jawaban :
Cp1 = 10µF + 10µF = 20 µF
Cp1 = 10µF + 10µF = 20 µF
Cs = 20x20/20+20 = 10µF
Cs // 5 µF // 5 µF
→ Cek = Cs + 5 µF + 5 µF = 20 µF
c) Induktor
Tentukan nilai Lek !
Jawaban :
Ls1 = 30 mH + 20mH = 50mH
Ls1 // 0 // 25mH → Lp1 = 0mH
Ls2 = Lp1 + 10mH
= 0 + 10 = 10mH
Ls2 // 10mH → Lek = Ls2x10 / Ls2 + 10
Lek = 10x10 / 10+10
= 5mH